What is the primary function of a camshaft in an engine?

The primary function of a camshaft in an engine is to control valve timing. The camshaft is a crucial component in the engine's operation, responsible for opening and closing the intake and exhaust valves at the right moments during the engine cycle. This timing synchronization is vital, as it ensures that the engine can efficiently take in air and fuel, and then expel exhaust gases.

By rotating, the camshaft's lobes push against the valve lifters (or pushrods, in some designs), causing the valves to open at precise intervals. This timing directly affects the performance and efficiency of the engine. Proper valve timing helps improve engine power output, fuel efficiency, and reduces emissions, making the camshaft an integral part of the engine’s mechanical functions.