Why is viscosity important in lubricant selection?

Viscosity is a critical property in lubricant selection because it directly influences lubrication efficiency. It refers to the thickness or frictional resistance of a fluid, which impacts how well a lubricant can form a film between moving surfaces. A lubricant with the appropriate viscosity will maintain a consistent protective film even under varying temperatures and pressures within the equipment. If the viscosity is too low, the lubricant may fail to provide adequate protection, leading to wear and tear on machinery. Conversely, if the viscosity is too high, the lubricant may not flow freely, hindering the performance of mechanical components and increasing energy consumption. Therefore, selecting a lubricant with the correct viscosity is essential for optimal equipment operation and longevity.